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Name;Phenacetin
MF;C10H13NO2
MW;179.22
CAS;62-44-2
Synonym;1-Acetyl-p-phenetidin, 4′-Ethoxyacetanilide, N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide, p-Acetophenetidide, Acetophenetidin, Phenacetin

Product Description:

Phenacetin was considered by previous IARC Working Groups in 1976 and 1980 (IARC, 1977, 1980). Analgesic mixtures containing phenacetin were considered by a previous IARC Working Group in 1987 (IARC, 1987a). Since that time, new data have become available, these have been incorporated into the Monograph, and taken into consideration in the present evaluation.

Case–control studies have been used almost exclusively to examine the association between consumption of analgesics and various cancers of the urinary tract. In all of the studies available to the Working Group, the cumulative use of groups of pharmaceuticals was assessed by asking study subjects about their retrospective use. In most epidemiological studies reviewed, it was rather difficult to estimate the effect of phenacetin separately from the effect of other analgesics, as various pain-relieving substances are often combined in the same pharmaceutical product.

Phenacetin, or its derivative acetaminophen, is an extremely common and increasingly used substitute for aspirin.

Applications:

Since their synthesis in the late 1800s paracetamol (acetaminophen) and phenacetin have followed divergent pathways with regard to their popularity as mild analgesic/antipyretic drugs. Initially, paracetamol was discarded in favour of phenacetin because the latter drug was supposedly less toxic. Today the opposite is true, and paracetamol, along with aspirin, has become one of the two most popular ‘over-the-counter’ non-narcotic analgesic agents.

The lack of any significant influence on peripheral cyclo-oxygenase would explain the absence of anti-inflammatory activity. At therapeutic doses paracetamol is well tolerated and produces fewer side effects than aspirin. The most frequently reported adverse effect associated with paracetamol is hepatotoxicity, which occurs after acute overdosage (usually doses greater than 10 to 15g are needed) and, very rarely, during long term treatment with doses at the higher levels of the therapeutic range.